Calcium

What is calcium?

Calcium is a mineral that plays a role in virtually every cellular process in your body. It is the best-known building block of bones and teeth, but that is by no means the extent of calcium's function. The mineral is also indispensable for muscle contraction, the conduction of nerve signals, and the normal functioning of the heart.

Your body precisely regulates the calcium level in the blood. To do this, it works in cooperation with the parathyroid glands, vitamin D, and the kidneys. If this balance is disturbed, the calcium level can become too low or too high, with noticeable consequences for your health.

The recommended daily intake varies by stage of life. For most adults, a guideline of approximately 800 milligrams per day applies. Pregnant and breastfeeding women need slightly more, namely around 900 milligrams per day.

Where is calcium found in your diet?

Dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt are the best-known sources of calcium. However, dark green leafy vegetables, nuts, and legumes also contribute to your daily calcium intake. For people who do not consume dairy, plant-based milk alternatives such as oat, soy, or almond milk offer a solution. These products are often fortified with calcium so that intake remains adequate even without dairy.

It is good to know that not all calcium you ingest through food is actually absorbed by your body. Absorption depends, among other things, on vitamin D. Without sufficient vitamin D, your intestines are less able to process calcium, even if you consume enough of it.

What do abnormal calcium levels mean?

Calcium level too low

A calcium level in the blood that is too low is called hypocalcemia. This can manifest as muscle cramps, tingling in the hands or feet, and a feeling of fatigue. With a prolonged deficiency, bones run the risk of becoming more brittle. This process, in which bone density decreases, is known as osteoporosis and increases the risk of bone fractures, particularly in the elderly.

A low calcium level can have various causes. These include insufficient dietary intake, a vitamin D deficiency, or reduced parathyroid gland function. Certain gastrointestinal disorders can also impair calcium absorption.

High calcium level

A calcium level that is too high is called hypercalcemia. This can occur with excessive intake of calcium supplements, especially in combination with a high dose of vitamin D. The body can then store more calcium than it can process or excrete.

Hypercalcemia can lead to calcification of tissues in the body, kidney stones, and eventually even kidney damage. Symptoms that may occur include fatigue, nausea, excessive thirst, and a reduced appetite. An elevated calcium level can also indicate an overactive parathyroid gland or, in some cases, certain forms of cancer. Further examination by a doctor is then necessary.

When is it useful to have calcium measured?

A blood test for calcium provides a reliable picture of your calcium balance. It is wise to have your calcium level checked if you have symptoms that may indicate a disturbed calcium balance, such as persistent muscle cramps, bone pain, or fatigue without a clear cause.

People at increased risk of osteoporosis, such as postmenopausal women or people who consume little dairy for a long time, may benefit from periodic measurements. It is also wise to monitor the levels when using high doses of calcium supplements or vitamin D.

In addition, doctors regularly measure calcium when assessing kidney function, parathyroid disorders, and during general health checks. Abnormal values ​​are always viewed in conjunction with other blood values ​​and your personal situation. Always discuss the results with a doctor before drawing conclusions or making adjustments to your diet or supplement use.